These cabinets were used by printers to store metal type.  Each drawer would contain one font in one size,  Today use it for storage of any flat materials or small parts.  Just a beautiful functional piece of American history. Gorgeous piece, fabulous hardware, incredible craftsmanship not seen in today's furniture. 
This is an unusually small one that would be incredible next to a bed as a nightstand or side table in any room!

This piece has 12 drawers.